藏品规格  高：51.5cm  口:21   珐琅彩瓷器的出现是瓷器发展史上的一个必然产物珐琅彩瓷器的前就身是景泰蓝，也就是所谓的“画珐琅”。它兴起于明代，是在铜胎上以蓝为背景色，掐以 铜丝，再填上红、黄、蓝、绿、白等色釉烧制而成的工艺晶。清代康熙年间这种“画珐琅”的方法被用在瓷胎上，其吸取了铜胎画珐琅的技法，在瓷质的胎上，用各种珐琅彩料描绘而成的一种新的釉上彩瓷。雍容华贵的珐琅彩问世，虽与“康熙盛世”有关，但与雍正的关系更为重要。雍正登基后，对社会进行了一番改革，大大提高了景德镇制瓷艺人的社会地位。而且雍正酷爱精美绝伦的瓷器，经常对宫廷瓷器加以评价，亲自过问，并派得力的官员去管理瓷业生产。康熙、雍正年制作珐琅彩时，先在景德镇官窑中选出最好的原料烧制成素胎送至宫廷，由宫廷画师加彩后在宫中第二次入低温炉烘烤而成。

珐琅彩的彩料还有“洋为中用”的成分。五彩和粉彩中都不含的化学成份“硼”珐琅彩 中有：珐琅彩中含“砷”；康熙前的瓷器中黄色为氧化铁，而珐琅彩中黄色的成分是氧化锑； 珐琅彩还有用康熙前没见过的胶体金着色的金红。上述化学成分分析说明了珐琅彩是国外引 入的，文字上也有记载，宫中原名《瓷胎画珐琅》的档案于乾隆八年改名《瓷胎洋彩》由此可见珐琅彩确是欧洲进口，由此更可见康熙帝国时中外文化与贸易交往的盛况。

珐琅彩最初是在法国发扬光大，在明初才传到我国，而清宫珐琅彩珍惜而名贵，是因为当时清朝宫内对工匠的垄断而民间没有所以流传下来的也就非常少，所以近年来在国际拍卖市场上的价格扶摇直上，人们对此趋之若鹜，各种层次的赝品也铺天盖地而来。在我们学习鉴定之前，有一些相关常识问题必需搞清楚，有一些必要的历史常识会防止我们犯比较低级的错误。清代珐琅彩是闪耀着宫廷艺术光辉的高档陈设瓷，出处清楚，血统高贵。上面谈到的四个条件必须具备，缺一不可，不能含糊，随随便便地将一件普通彩瓷轻易地定为珐琅彩显然“一相情愿”。

 

 

Collection specification: 51.5cm mouth: 21 the emergence of enamel porcelain is an inevitable product in the history of porcelain development. Cloisonne porcelain is the former body of cloisonne, which is the so-called "painting enamel". It originated in the Ming Dynasty. It is a kind of craft crystal which is made of copper with blue as background color, copper wire and red, yellow, blue, green and white glaze. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, this method of "painting enamel" was used on porcelain body. It absorbed the technique of painting enamel with copper body. On the porcelain body, a new kind of overglaze colored porcelain was painted with various enamel materials. Although the appearance of the elegant enamel color was related to the prosperous period of Kangxi, the relationship with Yongzheng was more important. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he reformed the society and greatly improved the social status of Jingdezhen porcelain making artists. Moreover, Yongzheng was very fond of exquisite porcelain. He often evaluated the court porcelain, personally asked about it, and sent competent officials to manage the porcelain industry. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng, the best raw materials were selected from the official kilns in Jingdezhen and sent to the court. After being colored by court painters, they were baked in a low-temperature oven for the second time.

Enamel color material and "foreign for China" ingredients. The chemical composition "boron" which is not contained in multicolored and famille rose colors. Among the enamel colors, arsenic is contained in the enamel color; the yellow color in the porcelain before Kangxi is iron oxide, while the Yellow component in the enamel color is antimony oxide; the enamel color also has the gold red colored by colloidal gold that was not seen before Kangxi. The above-mentioned chemical composition analysis shows that enamel color was imported from abroad, and there are also records in the text. In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, the original name of enamel painting in the palace was renamed "porcelain body foreign color". From this, it can be seen that enamel color was imported from Europe. Thus, it can be seen that the cultural and trade exchanges between China and foreign countries during the Kangxi Empire were flourishing.

Enamel color was first carried forward in France and spread to China in the early Ming Dynasty. However, the Qing Dynasty enamel color was precious and precious because of the monopoly of craftsmen in the Qing Dynasty, which was not handed down by the people. Therefore, in recent years, the price in the international auction market has soared, and people are flocking to it, and various levels of counterfeits have also spread out. Before we study appraisal, we must make clear some common sense problems, and some necessary historical knowledge will prevent us from making relatively low-level mistakes. Enamel color of Qing Dynasty is a kind of high-grade furnishing porcelain with the brilliance of court art. Its origin is clear and its blood is noble. The four conditions mentioned above must be met, and none of them can be vague. It is obvious that a piece of ordinary colored porcelain can be easily defined as enamel color, which is obviously "wishful thinking".